Which type of hunting primarily focuses on waterfowl?

The correct answer focuses specifically on targeting birds that inhabit or migrate over water bodies, such as ducks and geese. Waterfowl hunting encompasses the practices, techniques, and regulations designed for the pursuit of these birds, often taking place in wetlands, rivers, lakes, and coastal areas where waterfowl congregate.

Fowl hunting is a broader term that may include any bird hunting but is not specific to waterfowl. Upland game hunting targets land-based birds and animals, such as quail or pheasants, and does not involve water environments. Trapping, on the other hand, is a method used for capturing various wildlife but is not classified as hunting and does not specifically pertain to hunting birds, especially not waterfowl. Hence, the specific focus and targeted species in the correct answer make it the precise choice for this question.